Common linking expressions

Linking expressions are also called transitional adverbs. They are words that writers use to ensure the flow of ideas from one sentence to the next or from one paragraph to the next.

Transitional adverbs help readers follow your argument and explanation. They are more common in writing than in speech.

Common transitional adverbs

First, firstly, second, secondly, third, next, then, lastly, finally

These transitions are used to indicate the sequence or order of events or ideas. Note that first and second are more common than firstly and secondly.

Also, too, in addition, moreover and furthermore

These are used to add more information to something you have already said/ written. These expressions may also show similarity.

However, on the other hand, yet, though, conversely, in contrast, nevertheless

These expressions are used to introduce an idea that contrasts with or contradicts the idea mentioned before.

For example, for instance, to illustrate

These are used to introduce examples.

That is, in other words

These are used to explain or elaborate an idea.

In fact, indeed

These expressions are used to add a surprising fact or anecdote.

Certainly, clearly and of course

When you use these expressions, you are giving the impression that you are referring to common knowledge.

Generally speaking, in general, to a great extent, usually, typically, for the most part of

These are used to generalise or to talk about habits or customs.

Therefore, subsequently, thus, as a result, hence, as a consequence

These are used to show cause and effect.